The desires of cattle and sheep ranchers to eradicate wolves entirely. The wishes of hunters to hunt Grizzly Bears. An increasingly urbanized American human population alienated from the natural world. The natural fire cycle. Extractive industries that are constantly on the look-out for new locations to exploit for what is contained beneath their surfaces. Too many deer for the land to carry. Maintaining eco-regions at levels of sustainability. Global climate change. These are all challenges faced by America’s national parks in the twenty-first century.